1970s Western ecology

In the 1970s, Western ecological movements introduced "Permaculture & Companion Planting" as a modern ecological design science, offering eco-consulting services based on these principles. This approach, marketed as innovative, focused on creating self-sustaining agricultural ecosystems and strategic plant pairings to enhance growth and resilience, with consultants charging fees for their expertise.

The ancient Indian tradition of Vrikshayurveda (वृक्षायुर्वेद), literally 'The Science of Plant Life,' details sophisticated methods for self-sustaining ecosystem design and companion planting. This pan-Indian knowledge system, documented in Sanskrit texts, encompasses a holistic understanding of plant health, soil management, and intercropping, treating agriculture as a sacred practice deeply intertwined with ecological balance and human well-being. It represents a profound connection to nature, passed down through generations.

The appropriation of these concepts by Western ecology movements has been critiqued by scholars and cultural custodians who point to the unacknowledged origins of permaculture principles in Vrikshayurveda. The objection centers on the lack of attribution to this ancient Indian knowledge system, effectively rebranding traditional wisdom as a modern Western invention. Critics argue this constitutes biopiracy and intellectual property theft, stripping the original creators of recognition and the sacred value of their practices.